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Sunspots have a tendency to appear in magnetically bi-polar groups. READ: Does Gravel Absorb Water? (And Prevent Soil Erosion)? Sunspot have two major parts, the umbra which is the darkest part of the sun bearing a vertical magnetic field and the penumbra which is the lighter part bearing an inclined magnetic field. This is because the brightness of this visible light of a heated black body in close approximation by the photosphere at these temperatures varies greatly with temperature – considerably more compared to the total black body radiation emitted by the Sun. Similar phenomena observed on stars and other suns are accompanied by another phenomena called starspots.Īlthough temperatures of sunspots range from 3,000 to 4,500 K, the contrast with the surrounding material which is about 5,800 K leaves these sunspots clearly observable as dark spots. Most coronal mass ejections and solar flares originate in a region that is magnetically active encompassing visible sunspot groupings. Sunspots produce magnetic activity which is quite significant and strong, they are also accompanied by secondary occurrences such as reconnection, prominences and coronal loop events. These sunspots may travel at proper motions or relative speeds starting at a few hundred meters per second upon emerging. Sunspots contract and expand as they move across the Sun’s surface with diameters reaching as much as a hundred and sixty thousand (160,000) kilometers. Groups or individual sunspots may last from a few days to a couple of months but in the end, they eventually decay. One major reason why sunspots appears to be black on the earth surface is that the average temperature of the surface of the Sun is about 10,000☏, and the average temperature in the center of a sunspot is 6400☏. They are also magnetic structures that appear dark on the solar surface. The numbers of these sunspots vary per year.Ī sunspot is a place on the surface of the Sun that has a cool temperature and an intense magnetic field. Sunspots usually appear in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity.
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These regions reduce the surface temperature which are caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux and inhibit convection. Sunspots are temporary phenomena that occur on the Sun’s photosphere which appear as spots darker than the areas surrounding it.
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